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Personal data within the meaning of the Data Protection Act

What is personal data?

Personal data is any information that can be used to identify an individual, such as:

  • name

  • ID number

  • image

  • location data

or other things that can be linked to an individual. Information must be sufficiently accurate to make it possible to understand who they belong to.

All information related to an individual and which can be used to identify him or her is subject to data protection laws.

Information structure

A set of information that together leads to information that is only relevant for a particular individual may be personal data.

Sensitive Personal Data (special category data)

There is a stronger legal protection for sensitive personal data, such as:

  • race and ethnicity

  • political, religious and life views

  • membership of a trade union

  • health information

  • information about sex or sexual orientation

  • genetic information

  • biometric data, such as facial features or fingerprints when used for identification purposes

In principle, the processing of sensitive personal data is prohibited, but there are some exceptions.

Information of a sensitive nature

Some information is sensitive, although it does not fall within the definition of sensitive information in the Data Protection Act, such as:

  • social status

  • financial situation

  • marital status

  • child protection

Information on criminal conduct

Information on criminal behaviour of individuals is not considered sensitive personal data. However, there are special security measures regarding the processing of such information.